Core (required) readings:

1. Mitchell,   R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. 1997. Towards a theory of stakeholder   identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really   counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4): 853-886.

2. Gladwin,   T. N., Kennelly, J. J., & Krause, T. S. 1995. Shifting paradigms for   sustainable development: implications for management theory and research. Academy   of Management Review, 20(4): 874-908.

3. Friedman,   M. 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits The   New York Times Magazine, September 13: 32 - 33 (and then continued on   pages 122--126).

Additional (optional) readings and resources:

• Video: R Edward Freeman: Managing stakeholder relationships (4 min 40 sec)   

This video talks through a few different ways in which the Stakeholder Approach might be used in the business setting. When looking at the video, try and think of how the different approaches Freeman identifies might see stakeholders used mostly for instrumental purposes to a firm, or stakeholder interests considered more for their own sake. 

• Press article - Shareholder vs Stakeholder approach (Australian Financial Review, 2013)  

This article is particularly useful so try and read it if you can - it's only short so shouldn't take too much time.

Optional Readings

• Reading 1.3: Sternberg 1997 'The Defects of Stakeholder Theory', Scholarly Research and Theory Papers, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 3-10. This article takes a strong critical position against the stakeholder approach with the author’s arguments tending to be more in line with the shareholder approach.

• Reading 1.4: Ghoshal 2005: 'Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices.', Academy of Management Learning & Education, vol. 4, no. 1, 2005/03, pp. 75-91.

• Reading 1.5: Orts, & Strudler, 2002: 'The Ethical and Environmental Limits of Stakeholder Theory', Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, 2002/04, pp. 215-233.
  This article is useful in that it considers if the Stakeholder approach is sufficient to address some key ethical issues managers face. We pick up on some of these ethical issues in topics 3 and 4.

• Reading 1.6: Web sites: These web sites provide some models that are proposed as helpful for managers to use in stakeholder mapping and analysis. If you look at these models and use them to conduct stakeholder mapping, it is worth critically assessing them in the light of the content of the readings for this topic:
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