Structure and function

The Hub of the wheel represents the heart of the groups operation and it contains the core values, shared vision and goals. If the hub of the wheel is well constructed and in tune then the wheel runs smoothly and efficiently in the right direction. A group that has collectively clarified its core values, agreed upon purpose and is in tune with its goals is likely to progress in a common direction with a clear focus. If there are problems within the hub, the movement of the wheel is impaired. It can lacks direction or become inefficient in its function. Similarly, a group that is not consistent in its core values or a group that lacks collective clarity in its purpose and goals can experience dysfunction and flounder in its direction and progress.

The Rim of the wheel is associated with the hub as it provides stability and direction as the wheel moves. The Rim represents the operating agreements, norms and culture of the group that provide the clear framework for individuals to behave and function whilst in the group. A group in which all members share an understanding of the accepted ways of operating and have a voice in constructing its norms and building a collective culture will have a strong and stable foundation for action. A wheel that has a bent rim will not move efficiently in a straight direction. Similarly, a group that has not established clear agreements on the way that it will operate will experience dysfunction and negative conflict amongst its members.

The Spokes of the wheel represent various group processes including: planning, problem solving, decision making, roles and responsibilities, reflection, conflict resolution. A group that functions effectively will apply an understanding of these elements and demonstrate skills in these processes at an advanced level of functioning. The quality of these processes is represented by the length of the spokes in the wheel. If the wheel has very short spokes, and it is moved forward in a single revolution, the distance covered by the wheel is less than the distance covered by a wheel with long spokes. Similarly a group with a low level of processing capacity in all of these areas will be restricted in its potential, whilst a group with members who demonstrate refined skills in these processes has the potential to achieve more. If a wheel has spokes that are of different lengths or different tensions the wheel will not roll smoothly – it encounters dysfunction as it becomes buckled or bumps along its way. Similarly a group that has some processes that are well refined and others that are poorly executed will also encounter dysfunction that will restrict its overall effectiveness.

The Tyre of the wheel represents the groups capacity to remain flexible, open and adaptable to change as they are confronted with different contextual demands. Just as a wheel can be fitted with a different type of tyre to suit specific terrains, the group must adopt an approach that enables it to optimise its performance in various contexts. Groups that are able to adopt an open minded perspective, demonstrate flexibility and the ability to change with varying circumstances are best positioned to maintain consistency in their effectiveness.

The special fibre that is present in the total wheel represents the group’s communication capacity. Communication is a vital key in effective group functioning and it impacts on every variable within group collaboration. Groups that demonstrate refined communication skills are able to establish & articulate core values, goals, norms, present ideas for resolving problems, demonstrate active listening, show empathy and manage conflict in a positive way. A wheel that experiences fragmentation of this fibre is likely to experience weakness throughout its total structure and this will impact on its performance. Similarly a group that has poor communication skills is likely to experience dysfunction and limitations to its effectiveness.